Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of degenerative disease of the lumbosacral spine: a single institution retrospective cross-sectional observational study

Abstract

Background: Degenerative Disease of the Lumbosacral spine is a leading cause of back ache and radiculopathy with significant medical and socioeconomic importance. Its pathogenesis represents a biomechanically related continuum of temporally evolving alterations which are identifiable on various imaging modalities. Due to its excellent soft tissue contrast, multiplanar capabilities and non-ionizing nature MRI is indispensable for detailed morphological evaluation of all components of the Functional Spinal Unit (FSU). It facilitates optimal assessment of the burden of disease thereby guiding prognostication as well as subsequent therapy and rehabilitation. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 51 years ± 14 years with Male: Female ratio of 1.9:1. The L4-L5 intervertebral disc was the most frequently as well as most severely involved level irrespective of age and gender of the study subjects. Disc degeneration was the commonest manifestation seen (100%) followed by nerve root compression (74%), spinal canal stenosis (67%), disc herniation (64%), facetal arthropathy (41%), bulging discs (38%), ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (34%) and Modic endplate degenerative changes (31%) in decreasing order of frequency.