Nanotechnology application in agriculture: A review

Abstract

Nanotechnology is science of manipulating materials at nano-scale. It is working with the smallest possible particles which raise hopes for improving agricultural productivity through encountering problems unsolved conventionally. In the management aspects, efforts are made to increase the efficiency of applied fertilizer with the help of nano clays and zeolites and restoration of soil fertility by releasing fixed nutrients. In the controlled environment agriculture and precision farming input requirement of crops are diagnosed based on needs and required quantities are delivered in right time at right place with the help of nano biosensor and satellite system. Nanoherbicides are being developed to address the problems in perennial weed management and exhausting weed seed bank. Nano structured formulation through mechanisms such as targeted delivery or slow/controlled release mechanisms and conditional release, could release their active ingredients in response to environmental triggers and biological demands more precisely. Studies show that the use of nanofertilizers causes an increase in nutrients use efficiency, reduces soil toxicity, minimizes the potential negative effects associated with over dosage and reduces the frequency of the application. Hence, nanotechnology has a high potential for achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries.