Invention mechanisms and management source of false smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens- A Review

Abstract

False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke), perfect sexual stage Villosiclava virens. Rice False Smut (RFS) early know as a minor disease but this time it is very severe in the majority of rice-growing areas around the world, as epidemics form. The disease incidence ranged from 5- 85% and major grain yield loss of 0.2% to 49% respectively in terms reduction in quality as well as quantity threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxin. After flowering, its symptoms are appeared when the fungus transforms into globose structures or yellowed carbonaceous masses of individual grains unfit for consumption. The infection cycle and invasion mechanism, including the primary and secondary source of RFS infection involved different factors affecting for invention mechanisms of disease occurrence, including the infection time and pathway. Due to knowledge of epidemiology and invention mechanisms, resistance source, disease aggravates, proper management strategies needed to be framed to control the false smut disease. Improvement in completing the management source of false smut needs more emphasis. This review summarizes the present status of RFS, biochemical mechanism invention, resistant source of cultivars, and management of false smut in rice.