P-53 expression in complex and/or atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Endometrial cancer holds fourth position after breast, colon and lung cancers. In different parts of the world endometrial carcinoma accounts for 4-8% of all cancers. The Age Standardised Rate (ASR) is approximately 4.3 cases per 1,00,000 women. Endometrial cancers are majorly observed in post menopausal women. The age group for diagnosis of endometrial cancers is around 60 years. The most common symptom in patients of endometrial carcinoma is postmenopausal bleeding. The prominent risk factors for endometrial carcinoma include obesity, nulliparity, early menarche and late menopause, and estrogen therapy. There are two types of endometrial cancers: type I endometrial cancer is associated with unopposed estrogen expression and is more common (80% of cases) whereas type II endometrial malignancies are not related to estrogen and are more aggressive tumor.P53-driven model of carcinogenesis is responsible for the rapid development and progression of type II endometrial lesions. Early stage tumors (low grade) are primarily estrogen and progesterone receptor positive and P-53 negative. In contrast the advanced stage tumors (high grade) tumors show strong positive expression for P-53 and are negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors.