Naked Selenium Nanoparticles for Antibacterial and Anticancer Treatments

Abstract

Currently, antibiotic resistance and cancer are two of the most important public health problems killing more than ∼1.5 million people annually, showing that antibiotics and current chemotherapeutics are not as effective as they were in the past. Nanotechnology is presented here as a potential solution. However, current protocols for the traditional physicochemical synthesis of nanomaterials are not free of environmental and social drawbacks, often involving the use of toxic catalysts. This article shows the production of pure naked selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) by a novel green process called pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL). After the first set of irradiations, another set was performed to reduce the size below 100 nm, which resulted in a colloidal solution of spherical SeNPs with two main populations having sizes around ∼80 and ∼10 nm. The particles after the second set of irradiations also showed higher colloidal stability. SeNPs showed a dose-dependent antibacterial effect toward both standard and antibiotic-resistant phenotypes of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria at a range of concentrations between 0.05 and 25 ppm. Besides, the SeNPs showed a low cytotoxic effect when cultured with human dermal fibroblasts cells at a range of concentrations up to 1 ppm while showing an anticancer effect toward human melanoma and glioblastoma cells at the same concentration range. This article therefore introduces the possibility of using totally naked SeNPs synthesized by a new PLAL protocol as a novel and efficient nanoparticle fabrication process for biomedical applications.