Modulatory effects of gallic acid on sodium fluoride induced nephrotoxicity in the wistar rats

Abstract

Background: Exposure to environmental chemical contaminants such as Sodium Fluoride appears to be a regular part of life. It is therefore, necessary to limit their effects through the use of natural products. Objective: To evaluate the modulatory/protective effect of gallic acid on the nephrotoxic effect of sodium fluoride in rats. Materials & Methods: The study included four groups of twenty-four adult male Wistar, weighing 220 ± 5.6 g. The rats were divided into four groups, A – D consisting of six rats per group. Group A, was given distill water, while group B, received 300 ppm of NaF only, Group C, 300 ppm NaF and 60 mg/kg of gallic acid, group D, 300 ppm NaF and 120 mg/kg of gallic acid per os for 7 days. Samples were collected for haematology; biochemistry and histology. Results: The PCV and RBC values were higher in the rats exposed to NaF and 120 mg/kg of gallic acid while the MCV was lower in NaF alone. Significant signs of neutropenia and kidney damage and inflammation were also observed which were ameliorated by gallic acid. Conclusion: The study further established that NaF induces kidney damage by increasing inflammation in the soft tissue, which was attenuated by gallic acid.