Assessment of risk factors of pregnancy induced hypertension in a hospital: A case control study

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a major complication in relation to pregnancy associated with premature delivery, intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), abruptio placentae, and intra-uterine death, as well as maternal morbidity and mortality. Present study aimed to assess risk factors for pregnancy induced hypertension.Material and Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out among records of 150 cases of pregnancy induced hypertension reported to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janakpuri, New Delhi-58. The data was collected regarding socio-demographic details, personal history, past history and family history of this disease related variables. The data so revealed was statistically analyzed.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy was found higher in the age group <25 years (112 cases) as compared to ≥25 years age group. The majority of patients had educational status less than graduation. 132 patients were primi. and 18 patients were multigravida, out of which 12 patients had previous cesarean section. 3 patients had multiple pregnancy (twins). Family history of hypertension was present in 82 cases. 108 women who had their first conception within one year of their marriage. Out of 150 cases of pregnancy related hypertension, 139 was PIH, 4 was foetal distress with PIH, 1 was of pre-eclampsia, 2 was eclampsia, 1 was PIH with polyhydramnios, 1 was PIH and intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and 2 was PIH with abruptio placentae.Conclusion: The present study concludes that pregnancy induced hypertension was more prevalent in the age group <25 years and the majority of patients were primi and had educational status less than graduation. It is important to screen pregnant women for this condition, and if hypertension is present, close and regular monitoring is required.