Stinging Nettle: A herb with tremendous pharmacological potential

Abstract

Urticadioica L. commonly known as ‘stinging nettle’ is a perennial herb which belongs to the family Urticaceae. The plant is called Stinging Nettle because its leaves and stems contain hairs (trichomes) filled with a fluid that give severe sting when it comes in contact with the body. This herb is found in many South Asian Countries, Indian subcontinent and has been known in the world as a medicinal herb for a long time. The species has been a subject of recent scientific interest and product development all over due to its traditional usage as food, fibre and medicine. U. dioica is widely used by the traditional medicinal practitioners for curing various diseases such as nephritis, haematuria, jaundice, menorrhagia, arthritis and rheumatism. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of many valuable chemical compounds like phytosterols, saponins, flavanoids, tannins, proteins, minerals and amino acids. U. dioica has been reported to have various pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anti-colitis and anticancer effects. This paper aims to review and interpret up-to-date and comprehensive information regarding nutrition and health benefits, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of stinging nettle.