Neem seed cake (NSC) as fish feed ingredient: Opportunities and constraints

Abstract

With the increasing human population, fish will be cheapest protein food source which considerably contribute to human sector for the minimization of hunger and malnutrition. This situation to take place, it is essential to produce fish with minimum cost, so that it will reach poor people; need significant input from aquaculture. Feed accounts 50 to 60% of total expenditure in the aquaculture. The reduction of feed cost will improve the economic status of aquaculture business. At present, conventional ingredients utilised in fish feeds are costly, which increases the feed cost in turn raises the cost of fish for production. Therefore, it is a need for switch over to cost less non-conventional feed ingredients to produce fish with low costs and neem seed cake has great potential in this context. The scope and limitations to place NSC as one of the major ingredients during diet formulation was discussed in this technical review.