Assessment of neonatal complications with mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: GDM is associated with higher incidence of maternal mellitus later in life. Perinatal outcomes associated with poor glycemic control in mothers are associated with as high as 42.9% mortality. As the incidence of diabetes is rising in epidemic proportion, more women of childbearing age are at increased risk of diabetes during pregnancy. Aim of the study: To assess neonatal complications with mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the medical institute. We selected a total of 70 cases for the study and these cases were followed throughout their antenatal period in all three trimesters. Women with positive GDM test were treated with medical nutritional therapy (MNT) for two weeks. If MNT failed to achieve controlled blood sugar, then insulin was initiated. The patients were followed from antenatal period up to delivery. Results: We observed that 12 cases were diagnosed as having Gestational diabetes mellitus, 7 cases as Gestational Glucose intolerance and rest of the patients were normal. The number of NICU admissions in neonates delivered by mothers with GDM was 2, whereas, the number of neonates with hypoglycemia and macrosomia were 1 each. On comparing the results with other groups, i.e., patients with gestational glucose tolerance and patients with normal glucose tolerance, the results were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: The screening of pregnant patients for GDM gives us opportunity to diagnose the GDM cases early and timely intervention and treatment can prevent all fetal complication.