Evaluation of antibacterial activity from stem bark and leaf extracts of Gardenia gummifera Linn

Abstract

Currently, plant based drug production demand has increased for the curing of various diseases. This study investigates the phytochemical constituents screening and antibacterial property of Gardenia gummifera stem bark and leaf extracts. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts using standard methods revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and saponins. The antibacterial efficiency of the extracts were screened by agar well diffusion method against human pathogens viz, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio cholera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ethanol stem bark extract showed the pronounced antibacterial effect with 12.67±0.33mm and 12.33±0.33mm inhibition zone against S. typhi and S. aureus respectively and leaf extract showed 12.33±0.33mm and 12.83±0.60mm inhibition zone against S. typhi and S. aureus respectively. Leaves ethanol extract exhibited highest inhibitory activity against S, aureus with MIC value of 8.33 μg. The obtained results have supported the traditional claim of Gardenia gummifera stem bark and leaves to control microbial infection.