A preliminary survey of River Yamuna from Bhareh confluence to Betwa confluence at Hamirpur District U.P. India

Abstract

A detailed exploration of river Yamuna was carried out between Bhareh confluence (N 260 27’ 19.1 E 0790 15’ 01.7) to Betwa confluence (N 25054’ 56.0 E 080013 ’45.8) Hamirpur District U.P. The entire study area is covering about 192Km from Bhareh confluence Etawah to Betwa confluence Hamirpur. The survey was conducted between 5 October 2015 to 8 October 2015. The study stretch was surveyed by motor boat and sometimes on foot for documented important land marks and various activities. The general achievements were- At Bhareh confluence (Chambal with Yamna) water was found less polluted due to mixing water of Yamuna water. Avian fauna was satisfactory. Gharial population is higher than mugger. Dolphin population is 7 in entire study area. Jackal population is satisfactory. Deforestation fishing sand mining are main anti conservation activities. River bank condition is much concern. A number of invertebrates noticed like as Annelids, Molluscs and Arthropods.