In vitro urolithiasis models: An evaluation of prophylactic management against kidney stones

Abstract

Urolithiasis is a global health problem with high recurrence rate. Different in vivo and in vitro models have been successfully used to evaluate the antiurolithiatic potential of medicinal plants. In vitro models provide the study of renal stone formation and in vivo models declare pathological effects of urolithiasis. Thus, in vitro models are significantly and effectively used to evaluate prophylactic management and in vivo gives the direction towards urolithiasis treatment. This paper describes the advantages, limitations and applications of both model specially, the role of in vitro studies in the evaluation of prophylactic management.