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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2017 · Vol. 70(1) · pp. 1–25

Gregory A. Roth✉(University of Washington)Catherine O. Johnson(University of Washington)Amanuel Alemu Abajobir(The University of Queensland)Foad Abd-Allah(Cairo University)Semaw Ferede Abera(Mekelle University)Gebre Yitayih Abyu(Mekelle University)Muktar Beshir Ahmed(Jimma University)Baran Aksut(Cleveland Clinic)Shazia Alam(University of Washington)Khurshid Alam(The University of Melbourne)François Alla(Université de Lorraine)Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán(University of Cartagena)Stephen M. Amrock(Oregon Health & Science University)Hossein Ansari(Zahedan University of Medical Sciences)Johan Ärnlöv(Uppsala University)Hamid Asayesh(Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services)Tesfay Mehari Atey(Mekelle University)Leticia Ávila‐Burgos(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública)Ashish Awasthi(Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences)Amitava Banerjee(University College London)Aleksandra Barać(University of Peradeniya)Till Bärnighausen(Harvard University Press)Lars Barregård(Tehran University of Medical Sciences)Neeraj Bedi(Jazan University)Ezra B. Ketema(Deakin University)Derrick Bennett(University of Oxford)Gebremedhin Berhe(Mekelle University)Zulfiqar A Bhutta(Aga Khan University)Shimelash Bitew Workie(Wolaita Sodo University)Jonathan R. Carapetis(The University of Western Australia)Juan Jesús Carrero(Karolinska Institutet)Déborah Carvalho Malta(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais)Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela(Instituto Nacional de Salud)Jacqueline Castillo-Rivas(University of Peradeniya)Ferrán Catalá-López(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)Jee-Young Choi(Seoul National University Hospital)Hanne Christensen(Bispebjerg Hospital)Massimo Círillo(International Institute for Population Sciences)Leslie T. Cooper(Mayo Clinic)Michael H Criqui(Figshare (United Kingdom))David K Cundiff(University of Salerno)Albertino Damasceno(Figshare (United Kingdom))Lalit Dandona(University of Washington)Rakhi Dandona(Figshare (United Kingdom))Kairat Davletov(University of Washington)Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne(Deakin University)Dorairaj Prabhakaran(Centre for Chronic Disease Control)Manisha Dubey(International Institute for Population Sciences)Rebecca Ehrenkranz(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)Maysaa El Sayed Zaki(Instituto Nacional de Salud)Emerito Jose A Faraon(Figshare (United Kingdom))Alireza Esteghamati(Tehran University of Medical Sciences)Talha Farid(University of Louisville)Maryam S. Farvid(Harvard University Press)Valery L. Feigin(Auckland University of Technology)Eric L. Ding(Harvard University Press)Gerry Fowkes(University of Massachusetts Boston)Tsegaye Gebrehiwot(Jimma University)Richard F Gillum(University of Peradeniya)Audra L Gold(University of Washington)Philimon Gona(University of Massachusetts Boston)Tarun Gupta(Bispebjerg Hospital)Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold(University of Groningen)Nima Hafezi‐Nejad(Tehran University of Medical Sciences)Tesfayé Hailu(Mekelle University)Gessessew Bugssa Hailu(University of Louisville)Graeme J. Hankey(University of Louisville)Hamid Yimam Hassen(Mizan Tepi University)Kalkidan Hassen Abate(Deakin University)Rasmus Havmoeller(University of Peradeniya)Simon I Hay(University of Oxford)Masako Horino(Deakin University)Peter J. Hotez(Instituto Nacional de Salud)Kathryn H. Jacobsen(Costa Rican Department of Social Security)Spencer L James(University of Colorado Denver)Mehdi Javanbakht(Universitat de València)Panniyammakal Jeemon(Centre for Chronic Disease Control)Denny John(University of Washington)Jost B. Jonas(University of Salerno)Yogeshwar Kalkonde(University of California San Diego)Chanté Karimkhani(Mayo Clinic)Amir Kasaeian(Tehran University of Medical Sciences)Yousef Khader(Eduardo Mondlane University)Abdur Rahman Khan(University of Louisville)Young‐Ho Khang(Seoul National University)Sahil Khera(University of Peradeniya)Abdullah T Khoja(Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University)Jagdish Khubchandani(Ball State University)Daniel Kim(International Institute for Population Sciences)Dhaval Kolte(Brown University)Soewarta Kosen(Mansoura University)Kristopher J Krohn(Figshare (United Kingdom))G Anil Kumar(Public Health Foundation of India)Gene F. Kwan(Boston University)G Anil Kumar(Tehran University of Medical Sciences)Anders Larsson(Uppsala University)Shai Linn(Centre for Chronic Disease Control)Alan D Lopez(The University of Melbourne)Paulo A. Lotufo(Auckland University of Technology)Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek(University of the Philippines Manila)Reza Malekzadeh(Tehran University of Medical Sciences)Mohsen Mazidi(Chinese Academy of Sciences)Toni Meier(University of Massachusetts Boston)Kidanu Gebremariam Meles(Mekelle University)George A. Mensah(Auckland University of Technology)Atte Meretoja(Eternal Hospital)Haftay Berhane Mezgebe(Mekelle University)Ted R. Miller(University of Groningen)Erkin М Мirrakhimov(Mizan Tepi University)Shafiu Mohammed(Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health)Andrew Moran(Instituto Nacional de Salud)Kamarul Imran Musa(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)Jagat Narula(University of Aberdeen)Bruce Neal(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)Frida Ngalesoni(Heidelberg University)Grant Nguyen(University of Illinois Chicago)Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer(University of Salerno)Mayowa Owolabi(University of Ibadan)George Patton(The University of Melbourne)João Mário Pedro(University of California San Diego)Dima M. Qato(Eduardo Mondlane University)Mostafa Qorbani(Eduardo Mondlane University)Kazem Rahimi(University of Oxford)Rajesh Kumar(University of Peradeniya)Salman Rawaf(University of Peradeniya)Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro(University of Peradeniya)Saeid Safiri(Deakin University)Joshua A. Salomon(Harvard University Press)Itamar S Santos(Universidade de São Paulo)Milena M Santric-Milicevic(Centre for Chronic Disease Control)Benn Sartorius(University of KwaZulu-Natal)Aletta E. Schutte(North-West University)Sadaf G Sepanlou(Tehran University of Medical Sciences)Masood Ali Shaikh(International Institute for Population Sciences)Min‐Jeong Shin(University of the Philippines Manila)Mehdi H. Shishehbor(Mansoura University)Hirbo Shore Roba(University of Louisville)Diego Augusto Santos Silva(University of Louisville)Eugène Sobngwi(University of Edinburgh)Saverio Stranges(Luxembourg Institute of Health)Soumya Swaminathan(University of Edinburgh)Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)Niguse Tadele Atnafu(Mizan Tepi University)Fisaha Haile Tesfay(Mekelle University)JS Thakur(Eternal Hospital)Amanda G. Thrift(Monash University)Roman Topór-Mądry(Jagiellonian University)Thomas Truelsen(Instituto Nacional de Salud)Stefanos Tyrovolas(George Mason University)Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja(University of Aberdeen)Olalekan A. Uthman(Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental)Tommi Vasankari(Universitat de València)Vasily Vlassov(Bispebjerg Hospital)Dan J. Stein(Western University)Tolassa Wakayo(Jimma University)David Watkins(University of Washington)Robert Weintraub(University of California San Diego)Andrea Werdecker(Federal Institute for Population Research)Ronny Westerman(Centre for Chronic Disease Control)Charles Shey Wiysonge(Eduardo Mondlane University)Charles Wolfe(Eduardo Mondlane University)Abdulhalik Workicho(Jimma University)Gelin Xu(Public Health Foundation of India)Yuichiro Yano(Northwestern University)Paul Yip(Public Health Foundation of India)Naohiro Yonemoto(Centre for Chronic Disease Control)Mustafa Z Younis(Mansoura University)Chuanhua Yu(Mekelle University)Theo Vos(International Institute for Population Sciences)Mohsen Naghavi(Mansoura University)Christopher J L Murray(University of Washington)

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Abstract

CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.

Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeMedicineEnvironmental healthIntensive care medicine

MeSH terms

AdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesCause of DeathFemaleHumansLife ExpectancyMaleMiddle AgedMorbidityProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsGlobal HealthPrevalence