Beneficial and destructive effects of probiotics in aquaculture systems-A review

Abstract

Aquaculture is one of the fastest on rising sectors in the world today. An aquaculture system is diversified as fresh, brackish and marine water culture systems. However, the occurrence of the disease is a major constraint for its sustainability. Probiotics are often employed to control bacterial pathogens in the aquaculture systems. Beneficial probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Carnobacterium spp. Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Aeromonas, Enterococcus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and Vibrio species are used commercially. But with very limited studies have been conducted on destructive effects of probiotics in aquaculture systems and environment. This paper is a review of both the effects of probiotics in relation to the environment and aquaculture sustainability.