Immunostimulation effects of herbal bio conditioners on tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) against V. parahaemolyticus infection

Abstract

In the present study, the protective effect of herbal-based conditioners as an immunostimulants was tested on tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) juvenile at various times of their culture period to enhance their resistance against bacterial infection. The trial comprised of a single formulation of herbal-based bio conditioners with scheduled water changes during the treatment. Three period of exposure (6 h, 12 h and 24 h) with herbal-based bio conditioners as well as a control are performed in completely randomized design of experiment followed by a challenge test using single pathogenic bacteria: Vibrio parahaemolyticus at concentration of 105 cells ml-1. Percentage survival and host-pathogen interaction were determined at the end of exposure and challenge test. Various challenge tests showed that herbal-based bio conditioners (AquaHerb) significantly increase the percentage survival (P