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Empathy Decline and Its Reasons: A Systematic Review of Studies With Medical Students and Residents

Academic Medicine · 2011 · Vol. 86(8) · pp. 996–1009

Melanie Neumann✉(Health First)Friedrich Edelhäuser(Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke)Diethard Tauschel(Endometriosis)Martin R. Fischer(Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke)Markus Wirtz(Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke)Christiane Woopen(Endometriosis)Aviad Haramati(Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke)Christian Scheffer(Health First)

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Abstract

The results of the reviewed studies, especially those with longitudinal data, suggest that empathy decline during medical school and residency compromises striving toward professionalism and may threaten health care quality. Theory-based investigations of the factors that contribute to empathy decline among trainees and improvement of the validity of self-assessment methods are necessary for further research.

Empathy and Medical Education Innovations in Medical Education Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutEmpathyPsycINFOPsychologyInclusion (mineral)MEDLINECurriculumClinical psychologyCross-sectional studyMedicineFamily medicine