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Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes Care · 2012 · Vol. 35(3) · pp. 556–564

Joanne Yau(Centre for Eye Research Australia)Sophie Rogers(Centre for Eye Research Australia)Ryo Kawasaki(Centre for Eye Research Australia)Ecosse L. Lamoureux(Centre for Eye Research Australia)Jonathan W. Kowalski(Allergan (United States))Toke Bek(Aarhus University Hospital)Shih‐Jen Chen(National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University)Joost Dekker(EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research)Astrid FletcherJakob Grauslund(Odense University Hospital)Steven M. HaffnerRichard F. Hamman(Colorado School of Public Health)M. Kamran Ikram(Erasmus MC)Takamasa Kayama(Yamagata University)Barbara E.K. Klein(University of Wisconsin–Madison)Ronald Klein(University of Wisconsin–Madison)Sannapaneni Krishnaiah(L V Prasad Eye Institute)Korapat Mayurasakorn(Phramongkutklao Hospital)Joseph Paul O’HareTrevor J. Orchard(University of Pittsburgh)Massimo Porta(University of Turin)M. Rema(Madras Diabetes Research Foundation)Monique RoyTarun Sharma(Sankara Nethralaya)Jonathan E. Shaw(Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute)Hugh R. Taylor(University of Melbourne)James M. Tielsch(Johns Hopkins University)Rohit Varma(Doheny Eye Institute)Jie Jin Wang(University of Sydney)Ningli Wang(Beijing Tongren Hospital)Sheila K. West(Johns Hopkins Hospital)Liang Xu(Beijing Tongren Hospital)Miho Yasuda(Kyushu University)Xinzhi Zhang(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Paul Mitchell(University of Sydney)Tien Yin Wong✉(Singapore Eye Research Institute)for the Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group

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Abstract

There are approximately 93 million people with DR, 17 million with proliferative DR, 21 million with diabetic macular edema, and 28 million with VTDR worldwide. Longer diabetes duration and poorer glycemic and blood pressure control are strongly associated with DR. These data highlight the substantial worldwide public health burden of DR and the importance of modifiable risk factors in its occurrence. This study is limited by data pooled from studies at different time points, with different methodologies and population characteristics.

Retinal Diseases and Treatments Retinal Imaging and Analysis Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementMedicineDiabetes mellitusDiabetic retinopathyRetinopathyRisk factorOptometryInternal medicineEnvironmental healthEndocrinology