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Toward a Global View of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, and Cocaine Use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

PLoS Medicine · 2008 · Vol. 5(7) · pp. e141–e141

Louisa Degenhardt✉(UNSW Sydney)Wai‐Tat Chiu(Harvard University)Nancy A. Sampson(Harvard University)Ronald C. Kessler(Harvard University)James C. Anthony(Michigan United)Matthias C. Angermeyer(Leipzig University)Ronny Bruffaerts(KU Leuven)Giovanni de Girolamo(Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale)Oye Gureje(University College Hospital, Ibadan)Yueqin Huang(Peking University)Aimée Karam(Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care)Stanislav KostyuchenkoJ.P. Lépine(Hôpital Fernand-Widal)María Elena Medina MoraYehuda Neumark(Hebrew University of Jerusalem)Johan Ormel(University Medical Center Groningen)Alejandra Pinto‐MezaJosé Posada‐VillaDan J. Stein(University of Cape Town)Tadashi Takeshima(National Institute of Mental Health)J. Elisabeth Wells(Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust)

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Abstract

Globally, drug use is not distributed evenly and is not simply related to drug policy, since countries with stringent user-level illegal drug policies did not have lower levels of use than countries with liberal ones. Sex differences were consistently documented, but are decreasing in more recent cohorts, who also have higher levels of illegal drug use and extensions in the period of risk for initiation.

Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes Mental Health Treatment and Access Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchCIDICannabisMental healthMedicineDemographyCohortEnvironmental healthChinaEpidemiologyPublic health

MeSH terms

AdolescentAdultCannabisMarijuana AbuseFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMental HealthTobacco Use DisorderGlobal HealthWorld Health OrganizationCohort StudiesCocaine-Related DisordersAlcohol-Related Disorders