A DFT Study of the Full Catalytic Cycle of the Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling on a Model System

Abstract

A computational study with the Becke3LYP DFT functional is carried out on the cross-coupling reaction of vinyl bromide H2CCHBr and vinylboronic acid H2CCHB(OH)2 catalyzed by palladium diphosphine [Pd(PH3)2] in the presence of an excess of base OH-. The full catalytic cycle is computed, starting from the separated reactants and the catalyst and finishing with the cross-coupled product and the regeneration of the catalyst. The different stages in the cycle (oxidative addition, isomerization, transmetalation, reductive elimination) are characterized through calculation of the corresponding intermediates and transition states. Different alternative mechanisms are considered, depending on the number of phosphine ligands at palladium, and on the cis or trans isomery around the metal center. The results indicate the existence of a number of competitive pathways of reasonably low energy.