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Common liability to addiction and “gateway hypothesis”: Theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective

Drug and Alcohol Dependence · 2012 · Vol. 123 · pp. S3–S17

Michael M. Vanyukov✉(University of Pittsburgh)Ralph E. Tarter(University of Pittsburgh)Galina P. Kirillova(University of Pittsburgh)Levent Kirisci(University of Pittsburgh)Maureen Reynolds(University of Pittsburgh)Mary Jeanne Kreek(Rockefeller University)Kevin P. Conway(National Institute on Drug Abuse)Brion S. Maher(Johns Hopkins University)William G. Iacono(University of Minnesota)Laura J. Bierut(Washington University in St. Louis)Michael C. Neale(Virginia Commonwealth University)Duncan B. Clark(University of Pittsburgh)Ty A. Ridenour(University of Pittsburgh)

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Abstract

Whereas the "gateway" hypothesis does not specify mechanistic connections between "stages", and does not extend to the risks for addictions, the concept of common liability to addictions incorporates sequencing of drug use initiation as well as extends to related addictions and their severity, provides a parsimonious explanation of substance use and addiction co-occurrence, and establishes a theoretical and empirical foundation to research in etiology, quantitative risk and severity measurement, as well as targeted non-drug-specific prevention and early intervention.

Sexuality, Behavior, and TechnologyPerspective (graphical)AddictionLiabilityGateway (web page)PsychologyNeuroscienceEconomicsComputer scienceArtificial intelligenceFinance