articleTop 10% cited
Irreversibility and Generalized Noise
Physical Review · 1951 · Vol. 83(1) · pp. 34–40
Herbert B. Callen✉(University of Pennsylvania)T. A. Welton(University of Pennsylvania)
Abstract
A relation is obtained between the generalized resistance and the fluctuations of the generalized forces in linear dissipative systems. This relation forms the extension of the Nyquist relation for the voltage fluctuations in electrical impedances. The general formalism is illustrated by applications to several particular types of systems, including Brownian motion, electric field fluctuations in the vacuum, and pressure fluctuations in a gas.
stochastic dynamics and bifurcationAdvanced Thermodynamics and Statistical MechanicsStatistical Mechanics and EntropyDissipative systemPhysicsBrownian motionFormalism (music)Statistical physicsJohnson–Nyquist noiseElectric fieldClassical mechanicsQuantum electrodynamicsVoltage
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References
Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors
Physical Review · 1928 · 2,996 citations
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