article Open AccessTop 1% cited
Fluctuation theorems: Work is not an observable
Physical Review E · 2007 · Vol. 75(5) · pp. 050102–050102
Peter Talkner✉(University of Augsburg)Eric Lutz(University of Augsburg)Peter Hänggi(University of Augsburg)
Abstract
The characteristic function of the work performed by an external time-dependent force on a Hamiltonian quantum system is identified with the time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian. A similar expression is obtained for the averaged exponential work which is related to the free energy difference of equilibrium systems by the Jarzynski work theorem.
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical MechanicsQuantum Mechanics and ApplicationsQuantum Electrodynamics and Casimir EffectObservableHamiltonian (control theory)Fluctuation theoremExponential functionWork (physics)QuantumHamiltonian systemStatistical physicsMathematicsFunction (biology)
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Citations
719
FWCI
13.38
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10
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99%
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Cited by
<i>Colloquium</i>: Nonequilibrium dynamics of closed interacting quantum systems
Reviews of Modern Physics · 2011 · 2,729 citations
References
Equilibrium free-energy differences from nonequilibrium measurements: A master-equation approach
Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics · 1997 · 1,347 citations
Nonequilibrium Equality for Free Energy Differences
Physical Review Letters · 1997 · 5,198 citations
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