Phase Transition in the Dicke Model of Superradiance

Abstract

A system of $N$ two-level atoms interacting with a quantized field, the so-called Dicke model of superradiance, is studied. By making use of a set of Glauber's coherent states for the field, the free energy of the system is calculated exactly in the thermodynamic limit. The results agree precisely with those obtained by Hepp and Lieb, who studied the same model using a different method. The exhibition of a phase transition of the system is presented mathematically in an elementary manner in our approach. The generalization to the case of finitely many radiation modes is also presented.