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Integral representation without additivity

Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society · 1986 · Vol. 97(2) · pp. 255–261

Abstract

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper I"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a norm-continuous functional on the space <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of bounded <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-measurable real valued functions on a set <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is an algebra of subsets of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Define a set function <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="v"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">v</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> on <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> by: <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="v left-parenthesis upper E right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">v (E)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> equals the value of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper I"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> at the indicator function of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. For each <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="a"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">a</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> let <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> \[ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper J left-parenthesis a right-parenthesis equals integral Subscript negative normal infinity Superscript 0 Baseline left-parenthesis v left-parenthesis a greater-than-or-equal-to alpha right-parenthesis minus v left-parenthesis upper S right-parenthesis right-parenthesis d alpha plus integral Subscript 0 Superscript normal infinity Baseline v left-parenthesis a greater-than-or-equal-to alpha right-parenthesis d alpha period"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>∫</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>∫</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">J(a) = \int _{ - \infty }^0 {(v (a \geq \alpha ) - v (S))d\alpha + \int _0^\infty {v (a \geq \alpha )d\alpha .} }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> \] </disp-formula> Then <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper I equals upper J"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I = J</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> on <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if and only if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper I left-parenthesis b plus c right-parenthesis equals upper I left-parenthesis b right-parenthesis plus upper I left-parenthesis c right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I(b + c) = I(b) + I(c)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> whenever <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis b left-parenthesis s right-parenthesis minus b left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis right-parenthesis left-parenthesis c left-parenthesis s right-parenthesis minus c left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis right-parenthesis greater-than-or-slanted-equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⩾</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(b(s) - b(t))(c(s) - c(t)) \geqslant 0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> for all <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="s"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">s</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> <

Functional Equations Stability ResultsOptimization and Variational AnalysisAdvanced Banach Space TheoryAnnotationAlgorithmComputer scienceType (biology)Artificial intelligenceBiology

Funding

  • National Science Foundation
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • University of Minnesota
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Integral representation without additivity · Scinovex