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On an elliptic equation with concave and convex nonlinearities

Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society · 1995 · Vol. 123(11) · pp. 3555–3561
Thomas BartschMichel Willem

Abstract

We study the semilinear elliptic equation <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="minus normal upper Delta u equals lamda StartAbsoluteValue u EndAbsoluteValue Superscript q minus 2 Baseline u plus mu StartAbsoluteValue u EndAbsoluteValue Superscript p minus 2 Baseline u"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">- \Delta u = \lambda |u{|^{q - 2}}u + \mu |u{|^{p - 2}}u</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in an open bounded domain <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Omega subset-of double-struck upper R Superscript upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊂</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}^N}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with Dirichlet boundary conditions; here <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="1 greater-than q greater-than 2 greater-than p greater-than 2 Superscript asterisk"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1 &gt; q &gt; 2 &gt; p &gt; {2^ \ast }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Using variational methods we show that for <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="lamda greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda &gt; 0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mu element-of double-struck upper R"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu \in \mathbb {R}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> arbitrary there exists a sequence <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis v Subscript k Baseline right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">({v_k})</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of solutions with negative energy converging to 0 as <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k right-arrow normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k \to \infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Moreover, for <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mu greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu &gt; 0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="lamda"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> arbitrary there exists a sequence of solutions with unbounded energy. This answers a question of Ambrosetti, Brézis and Cerami. The main ingredient is a new critical point theorem, which guarantees the existence of infinitely many critical values of an even functional in a bounded range. We can also treat strongly indefinite functionals and obtain similar results for first-order Hamiltonian systems.

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On an elliptic equation with concave and convex nonlinearities · Scinovex