article
Looking Back to the Advent of Modern Endoscopy: 150th Birthday of Maximilian Nitze
World Journal of Surgery · 1998 · Vol. 22(12) · pp. 1256–1258
Wolfgang G. Mouton✉(Queen Elizabeth Hospital)J. R. Bessell(University of Adelaide)Guy J. Maddern(University of Adelaide)
Abstract
This year, 1998, marks the 150th anniversary of the birthday of Maximilian Nitze (1848-1906), a German scientist responsible for the initiation of modern endoscopy: He integrated two of his ideas in the construction of the first functional cystoscope. Nitze realized that the field of view during endoscopy could be enlarged by the use of an optical system, and that the light source should be placed on the tip of the instrument. He presented this cystoscope on October 2, 1877 for the first time, at age 28 years.
Medical History and InnovationsMedical Device Sterilization and DisinfectionHistory of Medical PracticeCystoscopeMedicineEndoscopyCardiothoracic surgeryGeneral surgerySurgery
MeSH terms
CystoscopyGermanyEndoscopesCystoscopesHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th Century
Funding
- Universität Heidelberg
Citations
416
FWCI
0.00
field-weighted impact
References
5
Percentile
24%
vs. same field & year
Citations per year
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