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A fixed point theorem for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings

Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society · 1972 · Vol. 35(1) · pp. 171–174
K. GoebelW. A. Kirk

Abstract

Let <italic>K</italic> be a subset of a Banach space <italic>X</italic>. A mapping <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper F colon upper K right-arrow upper K"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">F:K \to K</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is said to be asymptotically nonexpansive if there exists a sequence <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-brace k Subscript i Baseline right-brace"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\{ {k_i}\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of real numbers with <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k Subscript i Baseline right-arrow 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{k_i} \to 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> as <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="i right-arrow normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i \to \infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar upper F Superscript i Baseline x minus upper F Superscript i Baseline y double-vertical-bar less-than-over-equals k Subscript i Baseline double-vertical-bar x minus y double-vertical-bar comma x comma y element-of upper K"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo symmetric="true">‖</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo symmetric="true">‖</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≦</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo symmetric="true">‖</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo symmetric="true">‖</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left \| {{F^i}x - {F^i}y} \right \| \leqq {k_i}\left \| {x - y} \right \|,x,y \in K</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. It is proved that if <italic>K</italic> is a non-empty, closed, convex, and bounded subset of a uniformly convex Banach space, and if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper F colon upper K right-arrow upper K"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">F:K \to K</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is asymptotically nonexpansive, then <italic>F</italic> has a fixed point. This result generalizes a fixed point theorem for nonexpansive mappings proved independently by F. E. Browder, D. Göhde, and W. A. Kirk.

Funding

  • National Science Foundation
Citations
905
FWCI
1.76
field-weighted impact
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7
Percentile
83%
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Cited by
Iterative construction of fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications · 1991 · 394 citations
References
Uniformly convex spaces
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society · 1936 · 917 citations
A Fixed Point Theorem for Mappings which do not Increase Distances
American Mathematical Monthly · 1965 · 1,038 citations
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